IMPERIAL GERMAN ARMY UNIFORM 1914–1918: THE M1915 GREATCOAT AND CAVALRY UNIFORM

Imperial German Army Uniform 1914–1918: A Detailed Exploration

The Imperial German Army uniforms from 1914 to 1918 are among the most iconic and recognized military outfits in history. From the M1915 Greatcoat worn by infantrymen in the trenches to the cavalry uniform that represented speed and mobility on the battlefield, these uniforms tell the story of the soldiers who fought in the Great War. Today, collectors and reenactors seek these pieces to connect with history and gain a deeper understanding of the past. But what exactly makes the Imperial German Army uniform of the First World War unique, and why do these garments still capture the interest of so many?

In this blog post, we will examine the features of the Imperial German Army uniform, delve into the specifics of the WW1 German Greatcoat M1915, and highlight the differences in the cavalry uniform. Along the way, we’ll discuss the pros and cons for collectors, answer common questions, and share a real-world case study to illustrate the importance of these uniforms in history.

What Defined the Imperial German Army Uniform 1914–1918?

The Imperial German Army uniform evolved throughout World War I, but there were a few key characteristics that defined it, particularly in the early years of the war. Soldiers wore uniforms that were practical for both battle and the harsh conditions of trench warfare. The Prussian influence on military attire was strong, and the focus was on both functionality and the need to represent the power and authority of the German Empire.

1. Material and Design

The German uniform was made primarily from wool, which provided warmth and some protection against the elements. The feldgrau (field grey) color became the hallmark of the German Army’s uniform and was chosen for its camouflaging abilities. However, the M1915 greatcoat was designed for even colder conditions, offering an added layer of insulation for soldiers in the field.

2. Insignia and Ranks

Rank insignia, such as shoulder boards and collar tabs, were worn to identify soldiers' ranks and units. Medals, such as the Iron Cross, were also part of the uniform, recognizing acts of bravery and distinguished service.

3. Distinctive Headgear

The Pickelhaube helmet (spiked helmet) was an iconic piece of the uniform, though it was eventually replaced by the stahlhelm (steel helmet) as the war went on. The Pickelhaube was originally worn by cavalry and officers but later became standard for infantry units early in the war.

The M1915 Greatcoat: Design and Use

The M1915 Greatcoat was an essential piece of the Imperial German Army uniform during World War I. This heavy woolen overcoat provided warmth and protection against the cold, which was crucial for soldiers stationed in the trenches.

Key Features of the M1915 Greatcoat:

• Material: Made from heavy wool, the M1915 greatcoat was designed to keep soldiers warm during the harsh winters and while out in the field.
• Length: The coat typically extended below the knee, providing additional coverage and warmth. It was designed to be worn over the standard uniform, providing an extra layer of insulation against the elements.
• Color: The greatcoat was also feldgrau, in line with the standard German Army uniform. This helped soldiers blend into the environment.
• Buttons and Closure: The coat had a double-breasted design with large brass buttons. These buttons were usually engraved with the imperial crest.
• Collar: The collar was high, offering additional protection from the cold. It could be folded down or left up, depending on the conditions.

The M1915 greatcoat was primarily worn by infantry, artillery, and other units exposed to outdoor elements. It was especially vital during the winter months and was one of the most practical pieces of the German soldier's kit during WWI.

WW1 German Cavalry Uniform: Details and Differences

The German cavalry was a symbol of speed and mobility in the early stages of the war. These soldiers needed uniforms that allowed for rapid movement while also providing some degree of protection in battle.

Key Features of the WW1 German Cavalry Uniform:

• Feldgrau Tunic: The feldgrau color remained standard for the cavalry as well, though some cavalry units wore a slightly different shade or added piping for identification purposes.
• Breeches and Boots: Cavalry soldiers wore tight-fitting breeches that allowed for ease of movement while riding horses. The breeches were often tucked into tall leather boots, providing both mobility and protection.
• Headgear: Cavalrymen typically wore the Pickelhaube helmet with a spike on top, which was distinctive and reinforced their status as elite troops. Some cavalry units, particularly those in the later stages of the war, would wear the stahlhelm instead.
• Cavalry Sword: One of the defining features of the cavalry uniform was the sword, which was typically worn on the left side, fastened with a leather strap. The sword was part of the traditional image of the cavalryman.

Unlike infantry soldiers who were stationary for long periods in the trenches, the cavalry was trained for speed and maneuverability. As a result, their uniform emphasized freedom of movement while also maintaining the traditional Prussian military style.

Pros and Cons for Collectors and Reenactors

When it comes to collecting Imperial German Army uniforms, there are clear benefits and challenges for enthusiasts, reenactors, and collectors.

Pros:

• Historical Significance: These uniforms hold tremendous historical value. Collecting them offers a tangible connection to the soldiers who fought in World War I.
• Unique and Rare Items: Original WW1 German uniforms, especially well-preserved pieces like the M1915 greatcoat, are rare. Authentic items can be worth a significant amount to collectors.
• Reenactment Use: For reenactors, these uniforms add realism to their portrayals of history. Whether it’s a cavalry uniform or a greatcoat, wearing authentic gear enhances the experience and provides a sense of immersion.

Cons:

• High Cost: Authentic WW1 German uniforms can be expensive, especially pieces like the M1915 greatcoat or a well-preserved Pickelhaube helmet.
• Condition: Over time, these uniforms often degrade due to age, and it can be challenging to find pieces in good condition. Reproductions are widely available, but they lack the same value and historical importance as original items.
• Identifying Authenticity: With many reproductions on the market, identifying authentic uniforms can be difficult for those who are new to the field. It requires a keen eye and sometimes expert knowledge.

Real-World Example: A Collector’s Experience

Take the case of John Miller, a collector of military uniforms, who shares his experience finding a WW1 German Greatcoat M1915 at a military surplus auction in 2015. At first, John was skeptical about the authenticity of the coat, as it was in excellent condition. However, after examining the brass buttons with the imperial crest and cross-referencing the stitching, he confirmed it was an original piece from the war.

John’s M1915 greatcoat became a cornerstone of his collection, and he credits this find as a pivotal moment in his journey as a military collector. He notes that while the coat was costly, the historical significance and the pride of owning a piece of World War I history made it worthwhile. Additionally, John points out how the greatcoat served as a perfect representation of the harsh realities soldiers faced during the war. The coat wasn't just practical – it was a symbol of endurance.

FAQs: Everything You Need to Know

1. What made the M1915 greatcoat different from earlier versions?

The M1915 greatcoat was made from heavier wool than its predecessors and was designed for the colder conditions of the Eastern and Western fronts. It also had a longer length and more robust brass buttons.

2. Why was the cavalry uniform so distinctive?

The cavalry uniform emphasized mobility and the traditional appearance of mounted soldiers. The inclusion of swords and the iconic Pickelhaube helmet made these uniforms stand out as elite military gear.

3. Are there any modern reproductions of the M1915 greatcoat?

Yes, modern reproductions are widely available. However, they tend to be less durable and lack the authenticity and historical value of the original pieces.

Conclusion: Why This Uniform Still Matters

The Imperial German Army uniform from 1914 to 1918 holds a deep historical significance, representing the soldiers who fought and endured in one of the most devastating wars in history. Whether it's the M1915 greatcoat that kept soldiers warm in the brutal winters or the cavalry uniform that symbolized speed and mobility, these pieces of history continue to captivate collectors and reenactors alike. They are more than just garments – they are tangible links to the past, and they serve as reminders of the sacrifices made by those who wore them. For collectors and history enthusiasts, these uniforms offer a unique opportunity to preserve the memory of the Great War and honor the legacy of those who served.